Joe Cirincione explains the strategic impossibility of permanently neutralizing Iran’s nuclear program through aerial bombardment alone. He details how Iran has secured its highly enriched uranium within deep underground facilities that are impervious to conventional explosives, making a military solution both physically difficult and politically risky. While the United States can achieve tactical success by degrading infrastructure, Cirincione argues that the knowledge and materials already possessed by Iran allow them to recover within years, leaving the U.S. at a strategic disadvantage.
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